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 Original Articles |
| Safety and Immunogenicity of the Typhoid Vi Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine |
| Ji Won Park, Wan Shik Shin, Moon Won Kang, Dae Kyoon Ko, Jin Han Kang |
| Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea, Department of Pediatrics |
Vol.23 Num.3 (p145~155)
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Typhoid fever is still endemic in developing countries, and in many it poses a major public health problem. Although the antibiotic has improved prognosis and reduced mortality, persistence of mortality due to delayed introduction of treatment and appearance of resistant strains. It is therefore important to prevent this disease, and vaccination becomes the preferred means of prevention. Until now, the available vaccines, prepared from inactivated micro organisms, required several injections and caused serious adverse reactions. An oral vaccine composed of a live, attenuated strain is also available, but because repeated doses are required, its use in the fileld is of limited value.
To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of the Vi capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Salmonella typhi, a single dose of 25μg of the Vi CPS was injected intramuscularly to 85 healthy children aged 5~15 years and 85 healthy young volunteer, None of these volunteers had previously suffered from typhoid fever and been vaccinated against typhoid fever. Adverse effects were assessed on day 0, 1, 2 and 3 according to clinical chart which was fulfilled by the subjects themselves. Anti-Vi antibody titers were measured by passive hemagglutination test before and 1, 3 and 12 months after vaccination.
The side effects of Vi CPS were limited to minor and transient local reactions. Slight pain at thesite of injection (47.1%), with erythema (4.7%) or induration (16.5%). Shivering was observed in only one case.
The rate of seroconversion was 93.5% at 1 month (98.8% in children, 88.2% in adults). In eight of eleven non-seroconverters, the titers were increased four folds or more at 3 months. The antibody titers remained plateau for at least 12 months.
To see whether this acquired level of Vi antibody titers protects vaccinees from typhoid fever, further clinical and epidemiological studies need to be performed.
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